Basically Work Study concentrates in two areas, the TIME it takes to do the job (Work Measurement) and the BEST way to do
the job (Method Study)
An American, Frederick Winslow Taylor was the pioneer of modern scientific management. In 1874 he began an apprenticeship as a pattern maker and machinist in a small shop in Philadelphia. However, in 1878, as there was an industrial depression, Taylor was compelled to take a job at the Midvale Steel Works as an ordinary labourer.
Within a period of nine years he was rapidly promoted to time clerk, lathe operator, gang boss, foreman of the machine shop and chief engineer of the works.
Taylor believed in high wages with low labour cost. His means of attaining this objective was by accurate Time Study. It was in 1887 whilst a foreman in the Midvale Steel Company of Philadelphia that Taylor started to break down the cycle of an operating into small groups of motions called elements.
He realised it was simpler to time such element with a stop-watch, establish the time for the whole job, by adding the individual element times, than it was to search through the time records of former jobs and guess at a proper time for the job.
Taylor’s total times for doing a job included relaxation as he made an extensive practical study of fatigue. He looked into the problems of when and how much compensating rest allowance should be allowed to workers on different jobs.
Once we know the correct time for doing a job, and we have established a good way of doing it,
We can use this information for all sorts of things:
- Costings
- Pre production planning
- Line balancing and Operator Worker allocations
- Targets
- Development of incentive scheme
- Investment Appraisal
- Operator monitoring
- Operator training
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